1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
content / utility / utility_main.cc [blame]
// Copyright 2011 The Chromium Authors
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#include <optional>
#include "base/allocator/partition_alloc_support.h"
#include "base/command_line.h"
#include "base/debug/leak_annotations.h"
#include "base/functional/bind.h"
#include "base/message_loop/message_pump_type.h"
#include "base/metrics/histogram_functions.h"
#include "base/power_monitor/power_monitor.h"
#include "base/run_loop.h"
#include "base/task/single_thread_task_executor.h"
#include "base/threading/hang_watcher.h"
#include "base/threading/platform_thread.h"
#include "base/time/time.h"
#include "base/timer/hi_res_timer_manager.h"
#include "build/build_config.h"
#include "build/chromeos_buildflags.h"
#include "components/services/on_device_translation/buildflags/buildflags.h"
#include "content/child/child_process.h"
#include "content/common/content_switches_internal.h"
#include "content/common/features.h"
#include "content/public/common/content_client.h"
#include "content/public/common/content_features.h"
#include "content/public/common/content_switches.h"
#include "content/public/common/main_function_params.h"
#include "content/public/utility/content_utility_client.h"
#include "content/utility/utility_thread_impl.h"
#include "printing/buildflags/buildflags.h"
#include "sandbox/policy/mojom/sandbox.mojom.h"
#include "sandbox/policy/sandbox.h"
#include "sandbox/policy/sandbox_type.h"
#include "services/on_device_model/on_device_model_service.h"
#include "services/screen_ai/buildflags/buildflags.h"
#include "services/tracing/public/cpp/trace_startup.h"
#include "services/video_effects/public/cpp/buildflags.h"
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX) || BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS)
#include "base/file_descriptor_store.h"
#include "base/files/file_util.h"
#include "base/pickle.h"
#include "content/child/sandboxed_process_thread_type_handler.h"
#include "content/common/gpu_pre_sandbox_hook_linux.h"
#include "content/public/common/content_descriptor_keys.h"
#include "content/utility/speech/speech_recognition_sandbox_hook_linux.h"
#include "gpu/config/gpu_info_collector.h"
#include "media/gpu/sandbox/hardware_video_encoding_sandbox_hook_linux.h"
#include "sandbox/policy/linux/sandbox_linux.h"
#include "services/audio/audio_sandbox_hook_linux.h"
#include "services/network/network_sandbox_hook_linux.h"
// gn check is not smart enough to realize that this include only applies to
// Linux/ChromeOS and the BUILD.gn dependencies correctly account for that.
#include "third_party/angle/src/gpu_info_util/SystemInfo.h" //nogncheck
#if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_PRINTING)
#include "printing/sandbox/print_backend_sandbox_hook_linux.h"
#endif
#endif
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX) || BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS_ASH)
#include "media/gpu/sandbox/hardware_video_decoding_sandbox_hook_linux.h"
#endif // BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX) || BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS_ASH)
#if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_VIDEO_EFFECTS) && BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX)
#include "services/video_effects/video_effects_sandbox_hook_linux.h" // nogncheck
#endif // BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_VIDEO_EFFECTS) && BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX)
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS_ASH)
#include "chromeos/ash/components/assistant/buildflags.h"
#include "chromeos/ash/services/ime/ime_sandbox_hook.h"
#include "chromeos/services/tts/tts_sandbox_hook.h"
#if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_CROS_LIBASSISTANT)
#include "chromeos/ash/services/libassistant/libassistant_sandbox_hook.h" // nogncheck
#endif // BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_CROS_LIBASSISTANT)
#endif // BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS_ASH)
#if (BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_SCREEN_AI_SERVICE) && \
(BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX) || BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS)))
#include "services/screen_ai/public/cpp/utilities.h" // nogncheck
#include "services/screen_ai/sandbox/screen_ai_sandbox_hook_linux.h" // nogncheck
#endif
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_MAC)
#include "base/message_loop/message_pump_apple.h"
#endif
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_WIN)
#include "base/native_library.h"
#include "base/rand_util.h"
#include "base/win/scoped_com_initializer.h"
#include "base/win/win_util.h"
#include "base/win/windows_version.h"
#include "content/utility/sandbox_delegate_data.mojom.h"
#include "sandbox/policy/win/sandbox_warmup.h"
#include "sandbox/win/src/sandbox.h"
#endif // BUILDFLAG(IS_WIN)
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_WIN)
sandbox::TargetServices* g_utility_target_services = nullptr;
#endif // BUILDFLAG(IS_WIN)
#if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_ON_DEVICE_TRANSLATION) && BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX)
#include "components/services/on_device_translation/sandbox_hook.h"
#endif // BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_ON_DEVICE_TRANSLATION) && BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX)
namespace content {
namespace {
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX) || BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS)
std::vector<std::string> GetNetworkContextsParentDirectories() {
base::MemoryMappedFile::Region region;
base::ScopedFD read_pipe_fd = base::FileDescriptorStore::GetInstance().TakeFD(
kNetworkContextParentDirsDescriptor, ®ion);
DCHECK(region == base::MemoryMappedFile::Region::kWholeFile);
std::string dirs_str;
if (!base::ReadStreamToString(fdopen(read_pipe_fd.get(), "r"), &dirs_str)) {
LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to read network context parents dirs from pipe.";
}
base::Pickle dirs_pickle =
base::Pickle::WithUnownedBuffer(base::as_byte_span(dirs_str));
base::PickleIterator dirs_pickle_iter(dirs_pickle);
std::vector<std::string> dirs;
std::string dir;
while (dirs_pickle_iter.ReadString(&dir)) {
dirs.push_back(dir);
}
CHECK(dirs_pickle_iter.ReachedEnd());
return dirs;
}
bool ShouldUseAmdGpuPolicy(sandbox::mojom::Sandbox sandbox_type) {
const bool obtain_gpu_info =
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX) || BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS_ASH)
sandbox_type == sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kHardwareVideoDecoding ||
#endif // BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX) || BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS_ASH)
sandbox_type == sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kHardwareVideoEncoding;
if (obtain_gpu_info) {
// The kHardwareVideoDecoding and kHardwareVideoEncoding sandboxes need to
// know the GPU type in order to select the right policy.
gpu::GPUInfo gpu_info{};
gpu::CollectBasicGraphicsInfo(&gpu_info);
return angle::IsAMD(gpu_info.active_gpu().vendor_id);
}
return false;
}
#endif // BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX) || BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS)
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_WIN)
// Handle pre-lockdown sandbox hooks
bool PreLockdownSandboxHook(base::span<const uint8_t> delegate_blob) {
// TODO(crbug.com/40265190) Migrate other settable things to delegate_data.
CHECK(!delegate_blob.empty());
content::mojom::sandbox::UtilityConfigPtr sandbox_config;
if (!content::mojom::sandbox::UtilityConfig::Deserialize(
delegate_blob.data(), delegate_blob.size(), &sandbox_config)) {
NOTREACHED();
}
if (!sandbox_config->preload_libraries.empty()) {
for (const auto& library_path : sandbox_config->preload_libraries) {
CHECK(library_path.IsAbsolute());
base::NativeLibraryLoadError lib_error;
HMODULE h_mod = base::LoadNativeLibrary(library_path, &lib_error);
// We deliberately "leak" `h_mod` so that the module stays loaded.
if (!h_mod) {
base::UmaHistogramSparse(
"Process.Sandbox.PreloadLibraryFailed.ErrorCode", lib_error.code);
// The browser should not request libraries that do not exist, so crash
// on failure.
wchar_t dll_name[MAX_PATH];
base::wcslcpy(dll_name, library_path.value().c_str(), MAX_PATH);
base::debug::Alias(dll_name);
base::debug::Alias(&lib_error);
NOTREACHED();
}
}
}
return true;
}
#endif // BUILDFLAG(IS_WIN)
void SetUtilityThreadName(const std::string& utility_sub_type) {
// Typical utility sub-types are audio.mojom.AudioService or
// proxy_resolver.mojom.ProxyResolverFactory. Using the full sub-type as part
// of the thread name is too verbose so we take the text in front of the first
// period and use that as a prefix. This give us thread names like
// audio.CrUtilityMain and proxy_resolver.CrUtilityMain. If there is no period
// then the entire utility_sub_type string will be put in front.
auto first_period = utility_sub_type.find('.');
base::PlatformThread::SetName(utility_sub_type.substr(0, first_period) +
".CrUtilityMain");
}
} // namespace
// Mainline routine for running as the utility process.
int UtilityMain(MainFunctionParams parameters) {
base::MessagePumpType message_pump_type =
parameters.command_line->HasSwitch(switches::kMessageLoopTypeUi)
? base::MessagePumpType::UI
: base::MessagePumpType::DEFAULT;
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_MAC)
auto sandbox_type =
sandbox::policy::SandboxTypeFromCommandLine(*parameters.command_line);
if (sandbox_type != sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kNoSandbox) {
// On Mac, the TYPE_UI pump for the main thread is an NSApplication loop.
// In a sandboxed utility process, NSApp attempts to acquire more Mach
// resources than a restrictive sandbox policy should allow. Services that
// require a TYPE_UI pump generally just need a NS/CFRunLoop to pump system
// work sources, so choose that pump type instead. A NSRunLoop MessagePump
// is used for TYPE_UI MessageLoops on non-main threads.
base::MessagePump::OverrideMessagePumpForUIFactory(
[]() -> std::unique_ptr<base::MessagePump> {
return std::make_unique<base::MessagePumpNSRunLoop>();
});
}
#endif
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_FUCHSIA)
// On Fuchsia always use IO threads to allow FIDL calls.
if (message_pump_type == base::MessagePumpType::DEFAULT)
message_pump_type = base::MessagePumpType::IO;
#endif // BUILDFLAG(IS_FUCHSIA)
// The main task executor of the utility process.
base::SingleThreadTaskExecutor main_thread_task_executor(message_pump_type);
const std::string utility_sub_type =
parameters.command_line->GetSwitchValueASCII(switches::kUtilitySubType);
SetUtilityThreadName(utility_sub_type);
if (parameters.command_line->HasSwitch(switches::kUtilityStartupDialog)) {
auto dialog_match = parameters.command_line->GetSwitchValueASCII(
switches::kUtilityStartupDialog);
if (dialog_match.empty() || dialog_match == utility_sub_type) {
WaitForDebugger(utility_sub_type.empty() ? "Utility" : utility_sub_type);
}
}
if (utility_sub_type == on_device_model::mojom::OnDeviceModelService::Name_) {
CHECK(on_device_model::OnDeviceModelService::PreSandboxInit());
}
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX) || BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS)
// Thread type delegate of the process should be registered before first
// thread type change in ChildProcess constructor. It also needs to be
// registered before the process has multiple threads, which may race with
// application of the sandbox.
if (base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(
features::kHandleChildThreadTypeChangesInBrowser) ||
base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(features::kSchedQoSOnResourcedForChrome)) {
SandboxedProcessThreadTypeHandler::Create();
}
#endif // BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX) || BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS)
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX) || BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS)
// Initializes the sandbox before any threads are created.
// TODO(jorgelo): move this after GTK initialization when we enable a strict
// Seccomp-BPF policy.
auto sandbox_type =
sandbox::policy::SandboxTypeFromCommandLine(*parameters.command_line);
sandbox::policy::SandboxLinux::Options sandbox_options;
sandbox::policy::SandboxLinux::PreSandboxHook pre_sandbox_hook;
switch (sandbox_type) {
case sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kNetwork:
pre_sandbox_hook = base::BindOnce(&network::NetworkPreSandboxHook,
GetNetworkContextsParentDirectories());
break;
#if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_OOP_PRINTING)
case sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kPrintBackend:
pre_sandbox_hook = base::BindOnce(&printing::PrintBackendPreSandboxHook);
break;
#endif // BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_OOP_PRINTING)
case sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kAudio:
pre_sandbox_hook = base::BindOnce(&audio::AudioPreSandboxHook);
break;
case sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kOnDeviceModelExecution:
on_device_model::OnDeviceModelService::AddSandboxLinuxOptions(
sandbox_options);
pre_sandbox_hook = base::BindOnce(&GpuPreSandboxHook);
break;
case sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kSpeechRecognition:
pre_sandbox_hook =
base::BindOnce(&speech::SpeechRecognitionPreSandboxHook);
break;
#if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_ON_DEVICE_TRANSLATION) && BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX)
case sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kOnDeviceTranslation:
pre_sandbox_hook = base::BindOnce(
&on_device_translation::OnDeviceTranslationSandboxHook);
break;
#endif // BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_ON_DEVICE_TRANSLATION) && BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX)
#if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_SCREEN_AI_SERVICE)
case sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kScreenAI:
pre_sandbox_hook =
base::BindOnce(&screen_ai::ScreenAIPreSandboxHook,
parameters.command_line->GetSwitchValuePath(
screen_ai::GetBinaryPathSwitch()));
break;
#endif
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX)
case sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kVideoEffects:
pre_sandbox_hook =
base::BindOnce(&video_effects::VideoEffectsPreSandboxHook);
break;
#endif // BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX)
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX) || BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS_ASH)
case sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kHardwareVideoDecoding:
pre_sandbox_hook =
base::BindOnce(&media::HardwareVideoDecodingPreSandboxHook);
break;
#endif // BUILDFLAG(IS_LINUX) || BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS_ASH)
case sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kHardwareVideoEncoding:
pre_sandbox_hook =
base::BindOnce(&media::HardwareVideoEncodingPreSandboxHook);
break;
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS_ASH)
case sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kIme:
pre_sandbox_hook = base::BindOnce(&ash::ime::ImePreSandboxHook);
break;
case sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kTts:
pre_sandbox_hook = base::BindOnce(&chromeos::tts::TtsPreSandboxHook);
break;
#if BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_CROS_LIBASSISTANT)
case sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kLibassistant:
pre_sandbox_hook =
base::BindOnce(&ash::libassistant::LibassistantPreSandboxHook);
break;
#endif // BUILDFLAG(ENABLE_CROS_LIBASSISTANT)
#endif // BUILDFLAG(IS_CHROMEOS_ASH)
default:
break;
}
if (!sandbox::policy::IsUnsandboxedSandboxType(sandbox_type) &&
(parameters.zygote_child || !pre_sandbox_hook.is_null())) {
sandbox_options.use_amd_specific_policies =
ShouldUseAmdGpuPolicy(sandbox_type);
sandbox::policy::Sandbox::Initialize(
sandbox_type, std::move(pre_sandbox_hook), sandbox_options);
}
// Start the HangWatcher now that the sandbox is engaged, if it hasn't
// already been started.
if (base::HangWatcher::IsEnabled() &&
!base::HangWatcher::GetInstance()->IsStarted()) {
DCHECK(parameters.hang_watcher_not_started_time.has_value());
base::TimeDelta uncovered_hang_watcher_time =
base::TimeTicks::Now() -
parameters.hang_watcher_not_started_time.value();
base::UmaHistogramTimes("HangWatcher.UtilityProcess.UncoveredStartupTime",
uncovered_hang_watcher_time);
base::HangWatcher::GetInstance()->Start();
}
#elif BUILDFLAG(IS_WIN)
std::optional<base::win::ScopedCOMInitializer> scoped_com_initializer;
if (message_pump_type == base::MessagePumpType::UI &&
base::FeatureList::IsEnabled(
features::kUtilityWithUiPumpInitializesCom)) {
scoped_com_initializer.emplace();
CHECK(scoped_com_initializer->Succeeded());
}
g_utility_target_services = parameters.sandbox_info->target_services;
// Call hooks with data provided by UtilitySandboxedProcessLauncherDelegate.
// Must happen before IO thread to preempt any mojo services starting.
if (g_utility_target_services) {
auto delegate_data = g_utility_target_services->GetDelegateData();
if (delegate_data.has_value() && !delegate_data->empty()) {
PreLockdownSandboxHook(delegate_data.value());
}
}
#endif
ChildProcess utility_process(base::ThreadType::kDefault);
GetContentClient()->utility()->PostIOThreadCreated(
utility_process.io_task_runner());
base::RunLoop run_loop;
utility_process.set_main_thread(
new UtilityThreadImpl(run_loop.QuitClosure()));
// Mojo IPC support is brought up by UtilityThreadImpl, so startup tracing
// is enabled here if it needs to start after mojo init (normally so the mojo
// broker can bypass the sandbox to allocate startup tracing's SMB).
if (parameters.needs_startup_tracing_after_mojo_init) {
tracing::EnableStartupTracingIfNeeded();
}
// Both utility process and service utility process would come
// here, but the later is launched without connection to service manager, so
// there has no base::PowerMonitor be created(See ChildThreadImpl::Init()).
// As base::PowerMonitor is necessary to base::HighResolutionTimerManager, for
// such case we just disable base::HighResolutionTimerManager for now.
// Note that disabling base::HighResolutionTimerManager means high resolution
// timer is always disabled no matter on battery or not, but it should have
// no any bad influence because currently service utility process is not using
// any high resolution timer.
// TODO(leonhsl): Once http://crbug.com/646833 got resolved, re-enable
// base::HighResolutionTimerManager here for future possible usage of high
// resolution timer in service utility process.
std::optional<base::HighResolutionTimerManager> hi_res_timer_manager;
if (base::PowerMonitor::GetInstance()->IsInitialized()) {
hi_res_timer_manager.emplace();
}
#if BUILDFLAG(IS_WIN)
auto sandbox_type =
sandbox::policy::SandboxTypeFromCommandLine(*parameters.command_line);
DVLOG(1) << "Sandbox type: " << static_cast<int>(sandbox_type);
// https://crbug.com/1076771 https://crbug.com/1075487 Premature unload of
// shell32 caused process to crash during process shutdown. See also a
// separate fix for https://crbug.com/1139752. Fixed in Windows 11.
if (base::win::GetVersion() < base::win::Version::WIN11) {
HMODULE shell32_pin = ::LoadLibrary(L"shell32.dll");
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(shell32_pin);
}
// Not all utility processes require DPI awareness as this context only
// pertains to certain workloads & impacted system API calls (e.g. UX
// scaling or per-monitor windowing). We do not blanket apply DPI awareness
// as utility processes running within a kService sandbox with the Win32K
// Lockdown policy applied may crash when calling EnableHighDPISupport. See
// crbug.com/978133.
if (sandbox_type == sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kMediaFoundationCdm) {
// The Media Foundation Utility Process needs to be marked as DPI aware so
// the Media Engine & CDM can correctly identify the target monitor for
// video output. This is required to ensure that the proper monitor is
// queried for hardware capabilities & any settings are applied to the
// correct monitor.
base::win::EnableHighDPISupport();
}
if (!sandbox::policy::IsUnsandboxedSandboxType(sandbox_type) &&
sandbox_type != sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kCdm &&
sandbox_type != sandbox::mojom::Sandbox::kMediaFoundationCdm) {
if (!g_utility_target_services)
return false;
sandbox::policy::WarmupRandomnessInfrastructure();
g_utility_target_services->LowerToken();
}
#endif
base::allocator::PartitionAllocSupport::Get()->ReconfigureAfterTaskRunnerInit(
switches::kUtilityProcess);
run_loop.Run();
if (utility_sub_type == on_device_model::mojom::OnDeviceModelService::Name_) {
CHECK(on_device_model::OnDeviceModelService::Shutdown());
}
#if defined(LEAK_SANITIZER)
// Invoke LeakSanitizer before shutting down the utility thread, to avoid
// reporting shutdown-only leaks.
__lsan_do_leak_check();
#endif
return 0;
}
} // namespace content